Siloxanes form the polymer chain for silicone. They are the building blocks for silicone products. The most common siloxanes are a synthetic polymer called polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Siloxanes are used in a wide range of cosmetic and personal care products; attributing to a silky, shiny appearance. Their applications include: moisturizing lotions, shampoo/conditioner, cosmetics, condoms/personal lubricants, contact lenses, household products, medications and food. In the fast food industry, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is added to cooking oil to prevent oil splatter during the cooking process.
Silicone is generally heat resistant, freezer safe, oven safe and reusable-making it a popular choice in the kitchen. A recent article published in the journal Science of the Total Environment, explored cytotoxicity, endocrine disrupting activity, and chemical analysis of 42 food contact silicone products. The article highlights kitchenware has a high risk of endocrine disruption when used at high temperatures. Migration of 26 organic compounds and 21 metals were detected in 31 kitchenware samples. Of these 31 kitchenware samples, 32 % had moderate cytotoxicity and 84 % had endocrine disrupting activity.
Cyclotetrasiloxane (D4) is classified as a category 1 endocrine disruptor by the European Commission. A 2018 study commissioned by the Danish EPA identified D4 as an endocrine disruptor. The Global Harmonized System Label Requirements classified D4 as suspected to produce reproductive toxicity. The European Chemicals Agency characterized D4 as a persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic chemical, and designated D4 as a Substance of Very High Concern. Similarly, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) was characterized as a very persistent, very bioaccumulative substance. Due to these properties, the European Chemicals Agency concluded these substances have a potential to accumulate in the environment and cause effects that are unpredictable in the long-term and difficult to reverse. The Government of Canada also found Cyclotetrasiloxane (D4) to be harmful and persistent in our environment. D4 has the potential to accumulate in and cause harm to aquatic organisms and the potential to cause negative ecological effects.
If you choose to limit your exposure to siloxanes, you can avoid purchasing and using personal care products containing them. Popular siloxanes you might find on product labels include: cyclotetrasiloxane, cyclopentasiloxane, cyclohexasiloxane, or cyclomethicone. Alternatives to silicone cookware includes ceramic, cast iron, borosilicate glass, and stainless steel. Alternatives to silicone cooking utensils include stainless steel, or all natural wood.
Comments